Strawberry plants can grow optimally in areas that have rainfall between 600-700 mm / year. Tanamn strawberry requires sunlight exposure between 8-10 hours each day.
Strawberry is a subtropical plant that can adapt well in tropical highlands which has a temperature of 17-20 degrees C. Good humidity for Strawberry plant growth between 80-90%.
If grown in the garden, the soil needed is sandy clay, fertile, friable, contains lots of organic material, good water & air. The soil acidity degree (soil pH) ideal for the cultivation of strawberries in the garden is 5.4-7.0, while the cultivation in the pot is 6.5-7.0. If planted dikebun then the required ground water depth is 50-100 cm from the ground. If grown in pots, the media should have a shaft properties, easy to penetrate water and nutrients are always available. The altitude of the eligible climate is 1,000-1,500 meters above sea level.
Nutritional content Plant strawberries Amount Per 100 g
- Calories (kcal) 32
- Amount of Fat 0.3 g
- Saturated fat 0 g
- Polyunsaturated fats 0.2 g
- Monounsaturated fats 0 g
- Cholesterol 0 mg
- Sodium 1 mg
- Potassium 153 mg
- Total Carbohydrate 8 g
- Food fiber 2 g
- Sugar 4.9 g
- Protein 0.7 g
- Vitamin A 12 IU
- Vitamin C 58.8 mg
- Calcium 16 mg
- 0.4 mg of iron
- Vitamin D 0 IU
- Vitamin B6 0 mg
- Vitamin B12 0 μg
- Magnesium 13 mg
Selection and Propagation of Seeds
Strawberry fruit propagated with seeds and vegetative seedlings (seedlings & stolon or roots spiral). The requirement of seeds per hectare between 40,000-83,350.
Propagation by seed
Strawberry seeds are bought from the farm shop, soak the seeds in water for 15 minutes then dry.
Box nursery in the form of wooden or plastic box, filled with planting media that is mixture of sand, soil & manure (compost) with comparison (1: 1: 1). Seeds are evenly spread over the medium & cover with a thin ground. The seedlings box is covered with plastic or clear glass & stored at temperatures 18-20 degrees C.
Nurseries are watered every day, after the seedlings are leaf two pieces ready to be moved to wean beds degan spacing between seeds 2-3 cm. The media planting weaning beds together with the media nursery. The bed is shaded with clear plastic. During in the bed, seedlings are given leaf fertilizer. After measuring 10 cm & plants have cultivated, the seedlings are transferred to the garden.
Propagation degan Vegetatif
Vegetable Seeds Strawberry fruit vegetatively for the cultivation of Strawberry in the garden Selected parent plants must be 1-2 years old, healthy & productive. The preparation of seedling seedlings & stolon is as follows:
Seedling seedlings: The clumps are broken up with hoes, the parent plant is divided into parts that contain at least 1 tiller. Each tiller is grown in 18 x 15 cm polybag containing a mixture of soil, sand & cage manure (1: 1: 1), store in a plastic-roofed bedded bedding.
Stolon seedlings: The selected clump has the first and second spiraling roots. Both of these vines are cut off. Seedlings grown inside or polybag 18 x 15 cm containing a mixture of soil, sand & manure (1: 1: 1). After a height of 10 cm & leafy, seeds ready to be moved into the garden.
Seeds for the cultivation of Strawberry in polybags
Seedling or seedling / stolon done in the same way, but planting media in the form of mixture of rice grain & manure (2: 1).
After the seedlings in the two-leaf seedbed or the seedlings of the stolon / smallwood polybags (18 x15) are ready to move, the seedlings are transferred to large polybags of size 30 x 20 cm containing the same medium.
Inside these polybags the seeds are nourished to produce fruit.
Soil Processing and Preparation of Planting Media
a. Cultivation in Plastic Without Plastic Garden
At the beginning of the rainy season, the land is processed degan well as deep as 30-40 cm.
The treated land is left for 15-30 days.
Make bed: width 80 x 100 cm, height 30-40 cm, length adjusted degan land, distance between beds 40 x 60 cm or bunds: width 40 x 60 cm, height 30-40 cm, length adjusted with the land, the distance between the bunds 40 x 60 cm.
Sprinkle 20-30 ton / ha of manure / compost evenly on the surface of the bed / bund.
Leave the bed / guludan for 15 days. Make a planting hole degan distance 40 x 30 cm, 50 x 50 cm or 50 x 40 cm.
b. Aquaculture in Plastic Garden.
At the beginning of the rainy season, the land is processed degan well as deep as 30-40 cm.
The treated land is left for 15-30 days.
Make a bed: width 80 x 120 cm, height 30-40 cm, length adjusted with soil, distance between beds 60 cm or bunds: bottom width 60 cm, width 40 cm, height 30-40 cm, length adjusted with land, distance between beds 60 cm.
Keringanginkan 15 days.
Sprinkle & mix with soil beds / bunds 200 kg urea, 250 kg SP-36 & 100 kg / ha KCl.
Flush until moist.
Install black or silver black plastic mulch covering the beds / boludan & strengthen the edges with the help of U-shaped bamboo.
Make a hole on a plastic the size of a tin of sweetened condensed milk. The distance between holes in the row 30, 40 or 50 cm, so the spacing to 40 x 30, 50 x 50 or 50 x 40 cm.
Make a planting hole above the mulch hole earlier.
Liming: When the soil is sour, 2-4 ton / ha lime calcite / dolomite is spread over the bed / bund and then mixed evenly. Calcification is done immediately after the bed / bunds are finished.
How to Plant Strawberry Plant
Flush polybag contains seeds & remove seedlings along with planting media degan carefully.
Plant one seed in the planting hole & solidify the soil around the base of the stem.
For plants without mulch, give the basic fertilizer as much as 1/3 of the recommended fertilizer dose (recommended dosage 200 kg / ha Urea, 250 kg SP-36 & 150 kg / ha KCl). Fertilizer is given in a hole as far as 15 cm on the left-right of the plant.
Sirami soil around the base of the stem until moist.
Plant Maintenance
a. Embroidering: Embroidering is done before the plant is 15 days after planting. Embroidered plants are dying or growing abnormally.
b. Weeding: Weeding is done in the strawberry without or with plastic mulch. The mulch between the rows is lifted & immersed in the ground. The weeding time depends on the growth of weeds, usually accompanied by continued fertilization.
c. Perempelan / Pruning: Plants yag too dense, too many leaves to be trimmed. Pruning is done regularly especially remove old leaves / damaged. Strawberry plants are rejuvenated every 2 years.
d. Fertilization
On Strawberry Bauh cultivation without mulch: Aftershocks are given 1.5-2 months after planting as many as 2/3 recommended doses. Giving degan way sown in shallow array between rows, then covered the ground.
On Bauh Strawberry Cultivation with mulch: Subsequent fertilizer is added if the growth is not good. A mixture of urea, SP-36 & KCl (1: 2: 1,5) of 5 kg was dissolved in 200 liters of water. Each plant is watered with 350-500 cc of fertilizer solution.
e. Watering & Watering: Until the plant is 2 weeks old, watering done 2 times a day. After that the watering is reduced gradually with the condition of the soil does not dry out. Watering can degan watered or ditanuhi between beds degan water.
f. Dry Mulch Installation: Dry mulch is installed as early as possible after planting on a bed / bund which does not use plastic mulch. 3-5 cm of straw or dry grass spread over the surface of the beds / bunds & between rows of plants.
Pest Control and Strawberry Disease
1. Aphids (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)
Lice are reddish yellow, small (1-2 mm), live clustered on the underside of the leaf.
Symptoms: shoot / leaf wrinkles, curly, the formation of flowers / fruit obstructed.
Control: with Fastac 15 EC & Confidor 200 LC insecticides.
2. Mites (Tetranychus sp. & Tarsonemus sp.)
Very small mites, oval-shaped female, male rather triangular and reddish eggs.
Symptoms: leaves yellow to brown, curly, dry & fall.
Control: with insecticide Omite 570 EC, Mitac 200 EC or Agrimec 18 EC.
3. Flower borer (Anthonomus rubi), root borer beetle (Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus) & stem borer (O. sulcatus).
Symptoms: in the cultivated part there is flour.
Control: with Decis 2.5 EC insecticide, Perfekthion 400 EC or Curacron 500 EC at the time before the flowering phase.
4. White lice (Pseudococcus sp.)
Symptoms: plant parts covered with white fleas will become abnormal.
Control: chemical with insecticide Perfekthion 400 EC or Decis 2.5 EC.
5. Nematodes (Aphelenchoides fragariae or A. ritzemabosi)
Live at the base of the stem even to the top of the plant.
Symptoms: the plant grows dwarf, leaf stalk thin & less hairy.
Control: with nematisida Trimaton 370 AS, Rugby 10 G or Nemacur 10 G.
Illness
- Kapang kemabu (Botrytis cinerea) Symptoms: pieces of fruit rot & brown and then dry out. Control: with Benlate fungicide or Grosid 50 SD.
- Rotten ripe fruit (Colletotrichum fragariae Brooks) Symptoms: cooked sauce into a mild brown-colored & fruit filled with pink spore mass. Control: with active copper-based fungicides such as Kocide 80 AS, Funguran 82 WP, Cupravit OB 21.
- Rizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer). Symptoms: rotten fruit, watery, light brown & when pressed will discharge the turbid liquid;
- in storage, the infected fruit will be covered in white mushroom mycelium & black spores. Control: get rid of sick fruit, good post harvest and plastic cultivation.
- The red pith (Phytophthora fragariae Hickman) Symptoms: The fungus attacks the roots so the plants grow dwarfed, the leaves are not fresh, sometimes withered especially during the day.
- Burnt leaves (Diplocarpon earliana or Marssonina fragariae) Symptoms: Leaf splattered ovate to irregular angle, dark purple. Chemical control by Dithane M-45 or Antracol 70 WP fungicide.
- Leaf spots
Cause:
1.Ramularia tulasnii or Mycosphaerella fragariae,
Symptoms: small purple patches on the leaves. Center of brown spots that will turn white;
2. Pestalotiopsis disseminata,
Symptoms: round spots on leaves. Fua brown spot center surrounded by edges of reddish-brown or yellowish, leaves fall easily;
3. Rhizoctonia solani,
Symptoms: large brown-black spots on leaves.
Chemical control with fungicide active copper ingredients such as Funguran 82 WP, Kocide 77 WP or Cupravit OB 21.
Age and How to Harvest Strawberry
Plant origin stolon & tillers begin to bower when 2 months after planting. The first flowers should be discarded. After the plants are 4 months old, flowers are allowed to grow into fruit. Flowering & fertilization period can last for 2 years non-stop.
Fruit is somewhat chewy & somewhat tender. The fruit skin is predominantly red: reddish to reddish yellow. Fruit 2 weeks since flowering or 10 days after the beginning of fruit formation.
Harvest done by cutting the flower stalk with the petal. Harvesting is done twice a week. Once picked, the fruit is stored in a container with care to avoid bruises, keep it in the shade or taken directly to the shelter. Overlay the fruit on a tarpaulin-plastic floor. Wash the fruit with running water and drain it on the storage shelves.
Tips How To Stimulate Strawberry Trees To Fruition Fast:
Giving Fruit Hormone
Give a fruit stimulant product on your strawberry plant. This is the most important way. By giving a fruit stimulant, usually not until two weeks strawberry plants have begun to bring up prospective flowers.
The role of the fruit stimulant is to "direct" the energy of strawberry plants to focus on producing flowers / fruit. This stimulation is commonly called a hormone or zpt. Hormone plants there are many kinds, but what we need here is a fruit stimulating hormone. One of the usual I use in stimulating the plant to bear fruit is the Liquid Organic Powder of BMW POC. In addition to containing a complete micro-fertilizer, POC BMW Liquid Organic Fertilizer is also enriched with zpt / hormone fruit that inya brilliant inhale in stimulating fruitful strawberry plants.
How to give POC BMW Liquid Organic Fertilizer to strawberry plants is to be sprayed into the leaves, but it should be sprayed also to the soil, or can be splashed with gembor. The dosage is not much, just one bottle cap per 10 liters of water. Spray / sprinkle sufficiently to strawberry plants friends, preferably in the morning or evening. The interval is 10-14 days.
Trimming Plant Sulur.
Sulur strawberry plant or stolon is also known other parts of strawberry plants that extend long to multiply itself vegetatively. Sulur strawberries are about 30-50cm long. If the ends of this strawberry tendrils stick to the moist soil, it will come out the roots and penetrate the soil which then becomes a new strawberry plant. Strawberry straws need to be trimmed to stimulate the fruitful strawberries.
Strawberries that come out of strawberry plants (which can be many) will inhibit or burden the plant strawberry fruit, this is because the energy of plants to be divided.
Over time, strawberry plants will continue to produce leaves. The young leaves will grow old and then break down by themselves. The new leaves appear again and so the cycle continues. Just as stolons or tendrils, old and damaged leaves weighed heavily on strawberry plants especially in the fruiting phase. Therefore, to produce quality fruits and stimulate new flowers, old leaves and damaged leaves are duly disposed of. Use scissors or a clean sharp knife.
Regular Watering.
Water is so important for strawberry plants, ie as solvents, transport media compounds, biochemical reaction medium, giving turgor to cells, as photosynthetic feedstock, and also keeping the temperature of strawberry plants constant.
Routine Fertilization.
Fertilizer practically food for strawberry trees in order to still exist. Fertilizer needs continuous and not just love alone, because we also need to eat continuously not once in a lifetime. With regular fertilization, it is very supportive in stimulating the fruitful strawberries.
Cultivate strawberry plants can be started from the age of 7 days after planting, then routinely 10-14 days (depending on the condition of plant growth).
Fertilizers for fruitful strawberry plants should contain a lot of phosphate, potassium and calcium. These elements can be obtained from natural / organic ingredients such as compost made from a combination of chicken / bird (nitrogen source), phosphate stone, eggshell (calcium source), and agricultural lime / dolomite (source of calcium and magnesium) . Composted NPK fertilizer can be companion try. Dose NPKnya not most, just about 1-2 grams only per tree or about 5-10 grains. If most strawberry plants can burn. The compost fertilizer can be given rather a lot eg 1-2 handhelds per tree.
